Refrigerator-car



(No Model.) s sheetsJ-Sheet 1.

S.K.BAYLEY. Y

REFRIGERATOR GAR. No. 276,952. Patented-May 1,1883..

2. Lb e .e h s v .m e h S 3 Y. E L Y .A BV E S (No` Model.)

REFRIGERATOR GAR.

Patented May 1, 1883.

N. PETERS. PhonrLilh-ugmpher, washington. n.6.

K. BAYLEY.

RBPRIGBRATOR GAR.

l 0.276.952. Peteeted Mey 1,1883.

(No Medel.) A 3 sheets-sheet 3.

I JV VEJVLTOR t UNITED STATESN PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL K. BAYLEY, `on BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS..

REFmGERAToR-CAR.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 276,952, dated. May 1, 1883. Application filed March 2, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, SAMUEL K. BAYLEY, a citizen ot the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State ot' Mas` sachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Refrigerator Gars and Buildings; andI do hereby declare the followingto be a' full, clear, and exact description ot' the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to letters or tigures of reference marked thereon. which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical central section. Fig. 2 is a sectional View on line .fr x, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a sectional elevation, showing dri p-pan, cooli n gpipes, Ste.; Fig. 4, `an enlarged view, in perspective, ot' one ot' the ice-compartments, showing locking-bands; Fig. 5, a sectional vien7 ot' parts of root' or sunshade; Fig. 6, an end view ot' rolling curtain as applied to a car. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of bottom of ice-tank on linefvw, Fig.4; Fig. 8, adetail to s how how the tanks are constructed, having bands on thc inside. Fig. 9 is a plan view, showing several railroad-cars as in a train, having my improvement;` Fig. 10, a side elevation, showing the pump as actuated by the oscillations of the car, a refrigerating-tank, and au extra engine, Snc., in the oar; Fig. 1l, au end elevation, showing one form ot' the mechanism tbrfpumping by the oscillations of the car; Fig. 12, an end view ot a modification ot' above; Fig. 13, a detail in section, showing the roof of the car centrally inclined or depressed. Fig. 14 is a detail, showing one form of placing the bellows or pump to compress thev air to work the pumps and brakes.

My invention consists in so constructing a refrigerator car or building that it can be used either with ice,ice and salt,freezingmixtures, drippin gs, compressed air, chemical and power refrigerants, and, iinally, the combination of two or more of the forenamed; also, in placing the ice-tanks in the end ofsuch a car, and having a root' which runs downwardly toward thecenterfrom theice-tanks,orplacingthe tank in the center and making the roofrise upwardly from all sides toward the same, thereby furnish# ing a hotair chamber above the goods and at'- fording means tbrconductingthe hot airtosuch tank or tanks; also, the arrangement ot' the j tanksinthecar orroom; also,a method of makingthe loweror bottom ends ofthe tank detach- Aable and the manner ot' fastening the same when replaced also, a drip pan so constructed that there is no slopping over of its contents, and so arranged that it can be utilized as a regceiver or holder of drippings or brine, t0 be drawn from asneeded; also, the construction ot an overflow pipe or tube for the drip-pan `and its combination with said pan; also, the `use ofa power to circulate the drip; also, a method of utilizing the drip or brine; also, the construction of a sunshade or supplemental roof;Y and, finally, the generalconstruction and combination ofthe several parts of'my invention and the method of their use. It has been found that very few of the many retrigeratoncars carry and preserve their contents successtully. One ot' the causes of failure is defective circulation of air in the car. 1 find in i'lat-roofcars that the hot air hangs a long time next the root'or ceiling, and it' the ,goods are half-Way up or near the top of the car the air is apt to condense on them, and so deteriorate their quality and looks. This trouble I overcome by obtaining a circulation of air by making the roof or ceiling slant from or near a `central point and run upwardly at anangle toward the 'top vor back `ot the icetanks.

The roof'or ceiling of the room or car can havevarious forms, for it can havea attened `surface before it starts .upwardly `toward both ends. It also can be flattened, or `flat over or partly over the ice-receptacle; or, it' the receptacle is placed in the center, it can slope vupwardly from all sides toward it. By these forms of construction the hot air rising upwardly from the goods will be taken away almost immediately and conducted rapidly to,- ward the ice-tanks, where it is cooled and passed down and out at or near the-bottom, helping to force the hot air upward, conse.- quently making a circulation. ment overcomes one of the greatest drawbacks to the use of refrigerator-cars. It is best to make the detlecting roof or ceiling ot' some good non-conducting and non-condensing substance. It' canvas or similar material This arrange is used, it can be made removable, if desirable. Above the roof of the car I apply what I call a sunshade, designed to be used more particularly in hot weather. I make it to cover and I place it sufficiently above the roof to leave an air-space between it and the same, and make it detachable. It can be made of wooden slats set apart, of canvas, or any material which will permit of ready application, adjustment, or detachment. For lightness I prefer aproperly-prepared canvas, which can be rolled up under the runningboard and unrolled or spread when passing through hot districts.

A second cause of failure in cars which are run from the extreme north to the far south. is the high price of ice at the south and the extra cost above ice of running artificial refrigerants in the north. Artificial refrigerants on cars are veryliable to accidents, such as the breaking down ot' machinery, giving out of material, leakage, and, when the generating machinery is worked by the movement of the car, the setting o" on sidings, hot box.es,and waitingforother trains or connections. I overcome these by adapting my car for theuse of both the natural and the artiticial refrigerants.

By natural refrigerants I mean ice and its freezing-mixtures, so thatwhen-any ofthe foregoing accidents occur tothe artificial refrigerant the natural refrigerants-such as icewhich have been practicallykept instatu quoby the articial refrigerants,immediately do-their work automatically, and in that way keep the temperature uniform. This to the shipper means everything, for he knows that,.within reasonable limits, byno carelessness ofthe carrier or his employes can his goods become injured by the want of a refrigerant at the right moment. One ot' my ways of accomplishing this is by placing ice, ice and salt, or other compounds in tanks in either end of the car. Of course these can be put into any desirable position in the car which is considered most convenient and practicable to carry the class of goods offered. The shape ot' the tanks is immaterial; but I prefer, when I can, to use whatis known as the open or exposed 7 ice system, in order to getthebeneitoftheoxygen which is freed by the melting of the ice to assist in purifying the atmosphere. The Abest form I find is a hopper made of metal, having legs or ues depending downward to or near the floor, and as many legs as possible and practicable, as in this way I obtain the largest amount of condensing-surface possible. The closed system can be used-that is, where the tank has no opening into the refrigeratingchamber. Inside or around these tanks or receptacles Iplace pipes or their equivalent properly connected and attached, through which an artificial refrigerant may be passed, and so arranged as to give off the greatest amount ofY and salt, or compound I pack around them, leaving the inside of the coils free from ice, &c., so as to form an air space or flue through the ice, &c. i Another very convenient way is to place the pipes arranged like steam-heaters diagonally across the inside of the ice receptacleor tank. All these forms can be surrounded by wire-netting or any like substance for the purpose ofkeeping the ice from falling between the pipes, and so clogging or stopping the airpassages through them from at or near the top to or near the bottom of the tank, and consequently of' the car. Alll the piping of the car .should be connected in such a manner as may be necessary for properly conductingthe art-i- Vficial refrigerant through the same. Radiaor for any other purpose, whether filled with ice or not, in order to overcome the present .awkward and impracticable way of' slipping one section over the other or tipping it on hinges, I make the bottoinor lower end de- 'tachab'leand of two'or more pieces hooped or secured together by bands, detachable or not.

rIhe band has its ends extended over the sides, one end with a slot cutinto it, the other Abeing tapered, so that it can pass through the slot, and having itself also a slot cut for the re- .cepl ion ofa key, which may have ahole punched into its endto allow a ring to be sprung in,

`in order to hold it from any possibility ot' its coming out when hit, and so letting the bands apart and contents out. used the bands may be hinged on one or more ,sides and keyed orlocked with a padlock, and

`pend from it. `bottomsection of the tank,when madeof any in either case the band can be riveted to the When around iiueis IOO IIO

shapeallowing such construction can be turned in. Io sticen and prevent bulging, as shown in my drawings, where they come together, in order to make a tightjoint under the tanks or other receptacles,I put what I call a drip-pan to catch the drip from the ice, ice and salt, or compound and condensed moisture, when it falls` by. liquefaction caused by any means.

.This pan collects and holds all this waste in such a manner as to prevent its slopping over from the knocking about or oscillations ofthe car when on the road, and allows any excess ot' drip to run off. It is arranged with a roof slanting downward toward the center from all `or two sides, having an opening at or near its The edges at this opening are turned inlet of air and dirt and allow the free over' :flow of' the drip and waste. v Hand-holes can be placed `at any convenient part of the pan,

with. proper covers, and the top of the pan can be made tolif'tin any manner. In thedripfpan there is arranged a pipe with aflexibleend,"`

having the mouth wired, and havingfloats to keep it above the sediment. The other end is attached to or connected witha power` which draws,lif'ts, or drives the drip. rIhis pan which I` have arranged gives better results than any heretofore tried, as itsdoes away with the pos-` sibility of sloppage or overflow into the car, andat the same time retains what drip is necessary to'supply the power and carrying offf` all j excess of wastage.

I find that the drippings or wastage'of ice, ice and salt, or compounds isabout the same temperature as the refrigerant itself, and in order to utilize this I circulate it through the series of` pipes or other conductors which I putin the car` and tanks, and have heretofore described for artificial refrigerants, to obtain what latent cold it may contain, and at the Sametime to assist in keeping the refrigerant from wastage.'`

This drip can be used,conj'ointly or alternately,

` with an artificial refrigerant through the same conductors, oran extra set can be provided for it. By utilizing the drip in this mannera great saving is obtained, as it assists very materially in reducing the meltage of the natural refrig- `erant, and consequently gives a certain amount of security to the even temperature, which is of so essential importance in carryingrefrigerator goods long distances. It also allows of' less Weight of` ice being put intov the car to carry` the required distance,^as the wastage is so much less. I agitata or circulate this drip through pipes or their equivalents in the car in any suitable manuel', such asby suction,

lifting, or force.l Iyobtain my powerfor doing these by attachments to the trucks or to an i extra pair ofwheels on the truck or car, which run loose and free,to which the mechanism is attached, or from windmills or wind-power, os-` cillations of' the car or other ears, power furnished or transmitaed` by the locomotive or from other cars, or by collected or stored power, or by power attached to thecar. This drip canj be taken from `one or `more cars and used as a refrigerant for others. It can be collected to one center, and then refrigeration added or not, or itself help to add, and redistributed, or

it can be collectedfrom one or more cars, and distributed to one or more to assistin their `refrigeration.` These are a few of the man y wa ys of utilizing and arranging the agitating of the drip. i n

`Vhen a number of the cars are used in a train,to obviate the loading down of' the cars with the machinery for the artificial refrigerant and carrying it about when not wanted, I prefer placing it all or nearly all o n one car. which can be readily attached to the train,and then, in case of' accident to the power or refrigerant, another can take its place without much delay. The power for same can come from any of before-mentioned ways of obtaining it. The machinery, in some forms for making artificial refrigerants, can be readily placed on the engine.

All the attachments and machinery where the refrigerants could come in contact to heat should be covered, when outside of the insutween cars and locomotive should be exible n and covered with a good flexible non-conductor,

such as hair, felt, and paper, and canvas or rubber. i

My method of' using the drip and power Vre-V frigerants with natural ref'rigerant does not in` `any way interfere with the keeping ot' thetemperature, when thus withdrawn from the car, at

or near its former level, if from'any accident they cease to work. i

The receptacle for ice, ice and salt, orcompound are made preferably of' some-good conductorof heatand cold, and also a good condenser of moisture, such as galvanized iron or metal prepared to prevent dccom position from the action of' salt and ice or compound. The tank or receptacle forthe natural` refrigerant canhave the air-fines c3 placed within it from -its top to its bottom, and can be surrounded `artificial refrigerant. So many combinations are possible without special invention, but embodying the use of mynew system of combining in cars the use of both natural and artificial refr-igerants for controlling the tempera- `ture ofthe same-such as the placing ofthe piping, the tanks, Ste-that I will not. here further specially enumerate them. With this combination of both natural and artificial refrigerants in cars the degree of temperature is thoroughly under control and can be kept above or `carried below the freezing-point, as may be desired. If below the freezing-point,

-Iam aware that moisture may condense onthe piping. It is, however, of too flaky or light a `character to have any refrigerating value, and

does not of itself bear upon my system of' using tanks filled with ice, or `ice and salt, or com pound.

structed with air-dues or their equivalents within and passing through them from top to `bottom for the purpose of chilling the air as it settlesdownthrongh them,and that said tanks :The lower endof this pipe can be sealed'by can be filled with water, which shall be made into ice by the action ot' the artificial refriger ant.

The inside root' or ceiling can have other forms when used with both the natural and artificial refrigerants-such as sloping downwardly on both sides-when the receptacles are placed longitudinally through the center ofthe car or room; also, when the receptacles are placed in the opposite diagonal corners or sides of the car or room 'the ceiling or roof slopes downwardly from each.

Having above stated the general object and range of my invention and how it is carried out, I will now proceed to explain its operation by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- A denotes the car; B, the ice-tanks, (now shown as placed at each end of the car.) The ice-tanks maybe placed near the middle vot' the car, if desired. The tanks may be of any suitable shape or size, and may have a flaring upper part, as now shown at thelet't-hand side of Fig. 1. The pipes or hollowplates O in these tanks are used to conduct the refrigerant and the drip, and may be any desired shape, size, &c., and pass through said tank from top to bottom, or part way from top to bottom. Usually there are two ot' these in each tank. There may be any desired numberof these tanks placed side by side, so as to extend across the car. The pipes or hollow plates O are suitably connected with each other at their upper and lower ends, so that a continuous circulation is ,had through the pipes in each and all the tanks. Ice or any cooling compound is placed in each tank about the said pipes or plates C.

I have t'ound very desirable results obtained by covering the pipes or plates C with wirenetting, as shown at c. This prevents small pieces of ice cloggingr up the spaces between the pipes, and insures a free circulation of air about therein. At one side one end, c, of the pipe C connects with a pump, D, communicating in any desired way with the drip-pan E, which is in the bottom of the car, preferably. Thus the contents ot' the pan E can be forced into one ot' the pipes or plaies C, and thence,

being circulated through the s y stem, will be returned to the pan at the opposite side through the open end c ofthe pipe or plate, or plate C on the opposite `from' where the circulation began. The drip-pan E holds the wastage of the ice, e., from the tanks B, which will iiow down through the lower open ends of each upon the inclined upper sides, a top, c, of the pan,- and thence through the pipe e into it. Conveniently situated at one side ot' the pipe e' is overljow-pipe F. This overtlow-pipe is made in two parts, ff', and screwed orjoined together at or` near the bottom of the drip-pan. The advantage ot' this construction is that the overflow pipe can at any time be readily taken.

apart when it is desired to clean out the pan E.

-ot' the car-roof.

means ofthebucket f. lThe bottom of the pan E is inclined and about parallel with the top e, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. This construction insures an easy movement of its contents when the car is in motion and preventing slopping. The edges of pipe e', projecting into the pan, will also prevent any escape ot' vthe drip in this direction.

In the sides ot' the pan E are any suitable number of hand-holes e", which are capped in any desired way. The pump-connection with thepan E has at its end a tiexible pipe,d,and float, d', so that it can rise or fall automatically, as required by the height ot' the contents ot the pan, and suitable cut-ott', d, can be used in the pipe d. The pump is driven by power derived from the truck or any running part ot' the train,by windmill,or in any desired way or manner. A mode of connection with the axle .is now shown at df, which indicates one of two or more parts, which are secured together and to the end ot' B by means otl the metallic band b', which is locked by keys and slots, as shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 shows in detail the construction ot the detachable part ot' the tank. The band b' is riveted to the inside ot' the detachable portion, and when this detachable portion is placed on the fixed part B it is suspended thereon bv means ot' said band, b', which rests on the offset b3 on the hxed part.

- The ceiling A of the caris so deected from the tanks B that its highest point is near the said tanks. Thus when the hot air rises it flows toward the ice-tanks into the space above the goods carried in the car, and thence dowing through the icetanks circulates in the course indicated by the arrows, till, having been suitably cooled, it isreturned again at the lower part of the car. hung up, as on rods or slats a, or disposed or packed in any desired way. The car-door may be centrally located, as shown at A, or otherwise. 0f course, it` the tanks are placed ceutrally, the roof will slope in the opposite dition from what is now shown. The essential condition ot' the case is that the construction shall providethe hot-airupper chamber above spoken ot'.

Above the roof ot' the car I have a supplemental or detachable roof, G, Fig. 5, which,

for a convenient name, I call a sunshadef This is made in two or more parts detachably secured on each side to the running-board a' They may be made of canvas and light strips of wood connected together by bands. Theyniay be rigid or flexible. Thus they can be removed or rolled up when desired. (See Fig. 6,)

I have above stated that the through the pipes; but, it' desired, I may. so

construct and arrange the parts that the drip The goods in the car are drip is carried IOO IOS

IZO

itire train of cars.

may be carried through a part of said pipes i and a refrigerant through a part, or a refrigerant through all. y y In some instances it maybe well to allow the drip iiowin g, as above described, through thepipes C to escape directly to `the ground out ofthe endo', instead'ofinto thedrip-pan.

While I have shown avery desirable form i of constructing the tanks, yet in the details of `carrying out my invention Imaymake many slight changes without departingfrom the essential idea stated.

the pumpD, actuated bythe motion or movepipe e into car No. 2, and through it by the Isamev pipe, e', in which it is jointed at the pump D by the drip from car No. 2, and the com- No. 3, whence itis pumped back into car No. 2 through pipe c and through the coils C of thecars No. 2 and No. 1. When the drip is in tank I it can beptreated with any artificial refrigerant. If two coils, C C', are used, the second will be devoted to thevartilcial refrigerant. In this train I may have a car, as No. 4, without any refrigerant, and into` this car pump directly from car No.3, by suitable pipeconnections, either the drip or the drip and refrigerant, as may desired.

. In Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are shown two ways how the pump or its equivalent may be actuated by the oscillations of the car by means ot' rod or cords d* and .levers or pulleys d5, suitablyjointed or connected at ,one end to the body or sill of the car, and Apivoted to the truck, or spring-plank ot' the truck, and at the other to the piston of the pump. \'Vhen the pumping mechanism is not used for refrigerating purposes it canbe used for compressing air `for the brakes and power purposes, as shown inFigs. 10 and 14.

In Fig. 131 have shown a roof depressed at` the center and sloping up toward each end of 'the car. A car made in this form will give i held up by suitable supports from the roofl In Fig. 14 I have placed the bellows on the end piece of truck-frame and attached it to carbody to take the vibratory movement of the truck and utilize it to compress air into a cyl- In this Fig.,9, in car No. 1

scribed.

ing depressed at the center of the car and sloping upwardly toward each end, substantially as shown.

In a refrigerator-car, a warm-air chamber in the upper part, formed between the top of .the car and a supplemental ceiling which is depressed in the center ot the car and slopes upwardly to near the top of the refrigeratingtank at each end of the car, whereby no dead or non-circulating airis `permitted in the car as shown and described. f

f 4. A refrigerator icar or room having dctachableslanting inside ceiling, as and for the purpose described.

5. A detachable supplemental suushade roof for cars.`

6. A' detachable supplemental suushaderoot' for cars, which can be rolled up and retained on thecar, substantially as and for the purpose described.V

7. In a refrigerating-tank, vertical air-dues formed of pipes with or without wire-netting, to assist in excluding ice from such ilues, the pipes being adapted for the circulation of an below-said supplemental ceiling, substantially articial refrigerant within them, whereby artitieial andnatural'refrigerants may be used room, having its lower part detachable into two or more parts, substantially as described. 9. An ice-receptacle for refrigerator car or room, having its lower part detachable into two ormore parts, and these parts heldto- ,gether by one or more bands arranged substantially as and for thepnrpose described."

10. An ice-receptacle having the lower end detachable, and secured on by bands riveted i to the inside of the detachable part, said detachable part being held up from the door by projections on the receptacle for its upper band to rest upon, substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. A refrigerator'car adapted to use a natural refrigerant and its drip with an artificial refrigerant, substantiallyn as shown and de- 12. A refrigerator-car having a pump or pumps operated by the oscillatory or Vibratory IOC) IIO

motion' of car-body and truck, for circulating drip\vater or other refrigerant through the cars, substantially as set forth.

13. A drip-pan for a refrigeratorcar having a root and bottom both slanting in the same direction, in combination with atloating nozzle mounted upon a iiexihle outlet-pipe, whereby the sediment is retained within the drip-pan, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

14. The combination, in a refrigerator car or room, ot' aroof slanting downwardly from the receptacle for a natural and artificial refrigerant, and the receptacle having air-passages vthrough it.

. 15. In the refrigerator-tanks of a car, coils of pipe forming open-air lues through the coils within the ice, in combination with pumps having suitable connections and adaptation for forcing a circulation ot either drip water or artificial refrigerants through the pipes forming such coils, substantiallylas set forth.

16. The combination, in a car, of a receptacle or tanks for the use of both an artificial and a natural refrigerant, and a roof sloping downwardly from the top of the tanks toward the sides.

17. A c'ar or room having a receptacle or tanks for the use of both `an artificial and a natural refrigerant, with a vertically-inclined air-nue passing Within and through the same from its top to its bottom.

18. A refrigerator-car having a closed tank SAMUEL K. BAYLEY.

Witnesses:

WM. A. GARNER, G. W. BALLocH. 

